It is capable of providing safe drinking water to household and other applications in small quantity. Solar stills are the most widely analyzed desalination systems. Build a solar water distiller diy alternative energy. Pdf design of solar distillation system researchgate. Solar distillation unit coupled with thermal collectors, photovoltaic panels, and concentrators makes the system active and increases the distillate three to six times than conventional units. Umamaheswaran institute of energy studies, college of engineering, anna university, chennai600025, india email. The solar powered still may have a waterproof membrane that is extruded, molded, or sprayedon.
The solar stills are friendly to nature and ecosystem. An inclined solar water distillation system was designed and tested under actual environmental conditions of northern cyprus. Pdf numerical study of a water distillation system using. This optimization approach is based upon the above mentioned. Solar still has become more popular particularly in rural areas. Solar still is a passive solar distillation process and the only energy source. The total area of the distillation plant was 4,700 square meters. You may be considering an expensive home filtration system, but if you have a large enough solar water distiller you may not need the filtration system. The solar distiller should be able to provide a small family with two to four gallons of drinking water per day. The history of solar powered water distillation started with aristotle, already back in the 4 th century bc, described a technique of solar powered water distillation. Us6767433b2 system and method for solar distillation. Modification and operation of a full solar distillation desalination. This study designed and tested a novel type of solarenergyintegrated vacuum membrane distillation vmd system for seawater desalination under actual environmental conditions in wuhan, china. They are designed either to serve the needs of a single family, producing from 2 to 3 gallons of drinking water a.
The heat causes the water to evaporate, cool, and condense into vapour, leaving the contaminants beh. Solar distillation presentation linkedin slideshare. Solar water distillation system also called solar still. In some cases, such as extremely poor quality or salty water, solar stills may be the most practical way to treat the water.
Solar distillation is a simple and costeffective lowcarbon technology. Solar stills purify water through distillation, where pure water is vaporized out of collected dirty water and then condensed. Solar still uses heat energy as input which is obtained from solar radiations. A submerged fresh water collection system underlies the cell. Once the sun path has been determined, students are required to construct a model of a solar distillation unit. The input of this device would be salt water from coastal regions. In my project i am constructed both black and white coated solar stills and find out the coating which gives more efficiency. The details of various heat transfers in solar still are shown in figure 2. Another excellent publication is solar distillation as a means of meeting smallscale water demands, published in 1970 by the united nations. Solardriven desalination by membrane distillation using ceramic membranes location.
Instead of purchasing the solaqua system, similar solar still systems can be made. Water distillation using solar energy system with lauric. The simple conventional solar still is more economical than active solar distillation system to provide drinking for the domestic applications. A in md, heated saline input water and ambient temperature distillate water flow on each side of a pvdf membrane.
However, fresh water may be produced from sea or brackish water using energy. Substitute solarpowered heat transfer fluid mineral oil for 30 psig steam test the systems effectiveness in processing a variety of central valley waste streams, including. For large quantity, multiple units of solar distillation system are required. Pdf water distillation method using solar power researchgate. Distillation is a process that removes filth and contaminants to produce still water from available water. The present invention is directed to an improved solar powered distillation system and method. There is an important need for clean, pure drinking water in many developing countries. In an effort to further the research in solar desalination a test facility was developed at well site 5t529 near leupp arizona. However, it was not before late 19 th century, that the first large scale solar water distillation plant was built. Solar distillation is an often overlooked method for providing potable water to coastal. Solar desalination for domestic applicationsmehdi n. The goal of this project is to create a solar powered water distillation device that achieves maximum efficiency while minimizing manufacturing costs per unit. Novel designs of solar distillation systems utilizing the basic geometry of an inverted absorber assymetric line axis compound parabolic concentrating cpc. The temperature difference generates a vapor pressure difference across the membrane, resulting in evaporation from the.
This project will develop and test ceramic membranes for solardriven membrane distillation md systems for desalination. Either using the direct heat from the sun or using electricity generated by solar cells to power a membrane process. The proposed concept of desalination involves both flashing and evaporation, initially vapor is produced by flashing the hot water in the flash chamber from solar system at. Energy from the sun heats water inside the still to the point of evaporation.
The membrane may be installed in a lightweight basin as a liner resulting in improved ease of still manufacturing and assembly as well as improved sealing. Integrated design of greenhouses combined with solar stills represents an interesting. Design, fabrication and working of solar distillation system. They recorded maximum evaporation in the period of 11. We have designed completely new experimental setup of solar still. Solar water distillation produces clean water as simply as nature makes rain. Presenting an affordable solar water purification technolgy. There are two common methods of solar desalination. Desalination systems are of two broad types, based upon either thermal distillation or membrane separation. Various types and developments in solar distillation systems, theoretical analysis and future scope for research were. India is presently focusing on complete utilization of solar energy and saving fossil fuels, which are limited. The advantage of the technology is mainly from the use of renewable energy.
Introduction the one of the methods to purify the polluted water called solar water distillation system and it can be call as solar still. Performance and analysis of advanced solar distillation. Fabrication of solar water distillation system international journal of. How solar powered distillation of water works energy. A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it. A solar power plant was developed which produced 5. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. Chapter 8 energy matrices of solardistillation systems presents embodied energies of different types of passive and active solar stills. In this desert region there are very few overcast days outside of the monsoon season, allowing solar distillation to be viable throughout much of the year. For the requirement of higher purified water as an output or to increasing the efficiency of solar distillatory. Solar water distillation is the process of using energy from the sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. With a device that fits easily in a sunny corner of your backyard, you can distill up to gallons of water a day with no expensive filter replacements ever.
Solar distillation is another application which dates back to the nineteenth century and the simplest form of water still now in use is basically unchanged from the early designs which consisted of a shallow tray, filled with salt or brackish water, and covered by a sloping glass cover plate. Solar still is the one of the cost effective method of producing pure water using solar distillation techniques. Solar energy is allowed into the collector to heat the water. Water distillation using solar energy system with lauric acid as storage medium written and solved analytically. Technology fact sheet for adaptation solar distillation i solar. Nanophotonicsenabled solar membrane distillation for off.
Heat transfer mode in solar water distillation system the heat transfer in solar still is mainly classified into two ways, internal and external heat transfer. An efficient solar thermalpowered evaporation system for. Solar electric system design, operation and installation. Largescale sea water desalination processes are discussed, and an example project on the persian gulf coast is. Seawater desalination with solarenergyintegrated vacuum. Solar distillation offers an opportunity to provide a lowtech solution yielding high quality water for people living in rural rajasthan. Solar powered water distillation device northeastern university. Pdf there is almost no water left on earth that is safe to drink without purification after 2025 years from today. Solar water purification in solar distillation water is evaporated. An overview of solar thermal desalination technologies. Ro discharge industrial and food processing waste streams agricultural drainage study the economic and environmental benefits of solar. The main drawback of this type of solar distillation system is low energy efficiency and distillate productivities. Water vapor rises, condenses on the inner glass surface of the still, and drips into a.
Roofs that face east or west may also be acceptable. As an example, a due west facing rooftop solar pv system, tilted at 20 degrees in salem, oregon, will produce about 88 percent as much power as one pointing true south at the. Unlike solar still systems, the feed water falls down on the solar absorber plate, and the system produces fresh water and hot water simultaneously. The mathematical model of basintype solar distillation systems. The untreated water is placed into a still basin which absorbs heat, eventually reaching high temperatures, causing the water to evaporate, cool and condense into vapour, leaving the contaminants in the underlying basin. The performance of a conventional solar distillation system can be predicted by various methods, such as computer simulation, periodic and transient analysis, iteration methods, and numerical methods. A working model is prepared by using a systematic arrangement having low manufacturing cost and work based on renewable solar energy. A single sloped solar still receives more radiation than a double sloped solar still at low and high altitude stations. Pb 201 029 from the national technical information service, order department, springfield, va 22161. Pdf design and construction of solar water distillation. Heat generated by the condensation of water vapor is utilized to heat the salt. Economic feasibility evaluation of solar distillation. A partial vacuum is created in the solar cell for drawing water vapor from the cell to the collection system.
International journal of advanced science and technology. Passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric. Comparison of conventional membrane distillation md and nanophotonicsenabled solar membrane distillation nesmd. A high rated solar water distillation unit for solar homes. Solar distillation of water fsec energy research center. Classification of solar distillation systems solar energy. Index terms distillation system, polluted water, purification, solar energy. This box is embedded into another box of wood shown in figure 1. Water may be considered a more important resource than energy, given that a water crisis is life threatening. Nitin bodar and dharmesh lathiya on design of solar distillation system1. Proposed model of solar distillation system the base of the solar still is made of g. Solar water distillation is the process of using the energy from sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. Solar desalination is a technique to produce water with a low salt concentration from seawater or brine using solar energy. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight.
The purpose of this project is to analyze a solar water distillation system that can purify the waste water and saline water and other contaminated waters. This paper tackles an optimization approach in order to boost the fresh water production of a new design of a solar still which is lo cated at sfax engineering national school in tunisia. Basin type distillation system is discussed in this paper. Calculations have been carried out for daily productivity and instantaneous efficiency of the still. Meshal alenazi bader alshumare ali shamsaldeen alkandree mohammed alkhalaf nov. Solar distillation an overview sciencedirect topics.
Introduction for desired amount of solar radiations to be incident in the project aims at producing distilled water using solar energy to cater to the daily requirement of lead acid battery retailers. The untreated water absorbs heat, slowly reaching high temperatures. The seawater greenhouse combines a solar desalination system with an environment for cultivating crops in which transpiration is minimized, at the same time producing sufficient water for its own use through a process of solar distillation. The use of solar energy in desalination process is one of the best applications of renewable energy. Experimental setup of advanced solar distillation system. Water vapor is condensed in a condenser disposed between the cell and the collection system. Solar distillation systems can be classified as passive and active. Experimental procedure a photograph of both the solar stills, with and without. There are some patent researches on solar distillation. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation. In this paper the condensation and evaporation process in solar still is developed using computational. Multistage, multieffect active solar still is observed to give an.
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